Dr. Joel Edionwe is a board-certified, fellowship-trained spine surgeon in San Antonio who evaluates and treats lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD) for patients throughout South Texas. One of the most common sources of chronic lower back pain, DDD is something Dr. Edionwe approaches with a full range of options, from conservative management to minimally invasive surgery and lumbar artificial disc replacement, tailored to each patient’s condition, lifestyle, and goals. He sees patients from across the San Antonio area as well as those traveling from the Rio Grande Valley and Laredo.
Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD)
Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a condition characterized by the gradual breakdown of intervertebral discs in the spine. These discs, which act as cushions between the vertebrae, can undergo changes with age, leading to various symptoms and potential complications.
Key Features of Degenerative Disc Disease:
Disc Degeneration: The intervertebral discs lose water content and height over time, leading to a reduction in their shock-absorbing capabilities.
Causes:
Aging: The primary cause of DDD is the natural aging process, resulting in wear and tear on the spine.
Genetics: Genetic factors can contribute to the development of DDD, including the likelihood of early-onset degeneration.
Structural Changes:
Disc Height Reduction: Decreased water content causes a reduction in disc height, affecting the spacing between vertebrae.
Annular Tears: Small tears or cracks may develop in the outer layer (annulus fibrosus) of the disc.
Formation of Bone Spurs: Osteophytes or bone spurs may form on the edges of vertebrae in response to the degeneration.
Symptoms:
Pain: Chronic pain in the affected area, often in the lower back (lumbar region) or neck (cervical region).
Radiating Pain: Pain may radiate into the buttocks, thighs, or arms, depending on the location of affected discs.
Numbness and Tingling: Compression of nerve roots can lead to sensations of numbness, tingling, or weakness in the limbs.
Changes in Posture: Individuals may experience changes in posture due to discomfort and reduced disc height.
Diagnostic Approaches:
Imaging Studies: X-rays, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), or CT (Computed Tomography) scans help visualize the spinal structures and assess disc condition.
Physical Examination: A healthcare provider assesses symptoms, range of motion, and neurological function.
Treatment Options:
Conservative Management: Non-surgical approaches include physical therapy, pain medications, and lifestyle modifications.
Corticosteroid Injections: Injections of corticosteroids into the affected area to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms.
Surgical Intervention: Surgery is generally considered when conservative measures are ineffective, and symptoms are severe. Procedures may include discectomy, spinal fusion, or artificial disc replacement.
